黑龙江国土资源

黑土地是“耕地中的大熊猫”,在中国主要分布在黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省和内蒙古自治区东部，以生产力极强和肥力极高而著称，对保障国家粮食安全具有重要作用。本文在梳理东北黑土地相关文献的基础上，结合黑土地地表基质调查成果，对东北黑土地的形成过程、分类情况、分布范围、理化特征、演化趋势、保护目标以及保护措施等进行系统梳理，客观科普东北黑土地的“前世今生”,以期提高公众对东北黑土地的认知与重视程度，为保护东北黑土地提供参考。

Black soil is the giant panda in cultivated land, and is mainly distributed in Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning Province, and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is known for high productivity and fertility, and is essential to food security. On the basis of analyzing the literatures related to black soil in Northeast China and data from black soil surface substrate survey, this paper comprehensively summarized the forming process, classification system, spatial distribution, physicochemical features, evolutionary trends, preservation targets, and conservation measures of black soil. This paper is expected to provide a general explanation on the origin and evolution of black soil, improve the public's cognition and draw more attention, and also, provide information for black soil preservation.